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26th Cavalry Regiment (Philippine Scouts)

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"26th Cavalry Regiment" redirects here. For the 1963–1988 Combat Arms Regimental System parent regiment, see 110th Cavalry (United States, 1988–1996).

26th Cavalry Regiment (Philippine Scouts)
Coat of arms
Active1922–1942
CountryUnited States
Allegiance United States of America
 Commonwealth of the Philippines
BranchUnited States Army
TypeCavalry
SizeRegiment
Garrison/HQFort Stotsenburg
Motto(s)Our strength is in loyalty[1]
EngagementsWorld War II
DecorationsPresidential Unit Citation[2][3]
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
Commanders
Notable
commanders		BG[4] Clinton A. Pierce[5][6]
LCol Lee Vance
Insignia
Left & right distinctive unit insignia
U.S. Cavalry Regiments
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The 26th Cavalry Regiment (Philippine Scouts) (26th CAV (PS)) was part of U.S. Army Forces Far East's Philippine Department, during World War II. The 26th engaged in the last cavalry charge in the history of the U.S. cavalry. The American Battle Monuments Commission list 301 dead who were members of this regiment interred at Manila American Cemetery and Memorial.

Formation

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The 26th Cavalry Regiment was constituted in the Regular Army on 1 October 1922 and assigned to the Philippine Department. It was concurrently activated at Fort Stotsenburg by transfer of personnel from the 25th Field Artillery Regiment (PS) and 43rd Infantry Regiment (PS), with equipment and horses taken from the 9th Cavalry Regiment when that regiment transferred to Fort Riley, Kansas, on 12 October 1922.[7][8] The entire regiment was based at Fort Stotsenburg, with the exception of Troop F, which was based at Nichols Field.[9] In addition to the horse-mounted troops, the regiment had a Headquarters Troop, Machine Gun Troop, and a platoon of six Indiana White M1 scout cars, and trucks for transporting its service elements.[8] The regiment was reorganized on 1 December 1927 as a three-squadron regiment. Troops C and G were inactivated on 6 March 1928 at Fort Stotsenburg. Concurrently, the 2nd Machine Gun Troop was redesignated the Machine Gun Troop, 26th Cavalry. The regiment conducted a river crossing exercise in May 1933 on the Rio Grande de Mindanao and Hagonoy Rivers. Troops C and G were activated on 15 March 1941 at Fort Stotsenburg. The 26th Cavalry was the primary reconnaissance force for the Philippine Department, and was assigned the task of performing the covering force mission from Lingayen Gulf to the Bataan Peninsula.[10] On 30 November 1941, the regiment had 787 enlisted men and 55 officers,[11] and its commander was Colonel (later Brigadier General) Clinton A. Pierce (USA).

World War II combat history

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Northern and central Luzon

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Cavalrymen moving into Pozorrubio.

Following the 1941 Japanese invasion, the 26th participated in the Allied withdrawal to the Bataan Peninsula. In doing so, the unit conducted a classic delaying action that allowed other, less mobile, units to safely withdraw to the peninsula.[12] During the delaying action the 26th provided the "stoutest"[11] and only "serious opposition"[13] to the Japanese; the majority of the units sent north towards Lingayen Gulf were divisions (11th, 21st, 71st, & 91st Infantry Divisions) of the untrained and poorly equipped Philippine Army.[13] For instance, during the initial landings the regiment alone delayed the advance of four Japanese infantry regiments for six hours at Damortis, and on 24 December repulsed a tank assault at Binalonan.[11] However, the resistance was not without cost, as by the end of 24 December the regiment had been reduced to 450 men.[14][15] Following these events, the regiment was pulled off the line and brought back up to a strength of 657 men, who in January 1942 held open the roadways to the Bataan Peninsula allowing other units to prepare for their stand there.[11]

Bataan

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The 26th Cavalry Regiment, consisting mostly of Philippine Scouts, was the last U.S. cavalry regiment to engage in horse-mounted warfare. When Troop G encountered Japanese forces at the village of Morong on 16 January 1942, Lieutenant Edwin P. Ramsey ordered, for that time, the last cavalry charge in American history.[16][17][18] It would not be until 22 October 2001, when American Soldiers would enter combat on horseback again, when members of the 12-man Operational Detachment Alpha 595 (Green Berets), accompanying members of the Afghanistan Northern Alliance, rode into battle at Cōbaki in Balkh Province.[19]

During the retreat to Bataan, the 26th was heavily outnumbered by an infantry force supported by tanks. They drove off the surprised Japanese. Due to a shortage of food, they found it necessary to butcher their mounts and the regiment was converted to two squadrons, one a motorized rifle squadron, the other a mechanized squadron utilizing the remaining scout cars and Bren carriers.[11]

Order of Battle 1942

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  • Headquarters, 26th Cavalry Regiment (PS) - Captain Paul Montgomery Jones
    • 1st Scout Car Platoon - 1st Lieutenant Carol I. Cahoo, USA
    • Recon Patrol - Captain Charles Bowers
  • 1st Squadron - Major Hubert Ketchum | Captain William E. Chandler
    • Troop A - 1st Lieutenant Hugh Stevenson
    • Troop B - Captain Theodore Hurt, Jr. | Captain Joseph Rhett Barker
    • Troop C - 1st Lieutenant William Gordon Bartlett | 1st Lieutenant Raph Prague
    • Troop D
  • 2nd Squadron - Major Thomas Trapnell, USA
    • Troop E
    • Troop F - 1st Lieutenant William Gordon Bartlett
    • Troop G - 1st Lieutenant Edwin Ramsay
    • Troop H

Guerrilla activities

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See also: Occupation

Following the delaying action down the central Luzon plain, Troop C was cut off from the rest of the regiment, having been ordered into Northern Luzon in an attempt to defend Baguio by Major General Wainwright in late December 1941. In January 1942, the unit, with assistance from 71st Infantry and elements of the 11th Infantry,[20] raided Tuguegarao Airfield,[21] destroying several planes,[22] and killing multiple Japanese soldiers.[20][23] Eventually the unit was supplemented by other soldiers and guerrillas, and remained an effective fighting force well into 1943.[21][24] The remnants of Troop C would later be integrated into the United States Army Forces in the Philippines – Northern Luzon,[22] which due to deaths and captures would be led by Russell W. Volckmann.[25][26] Other guerrilla organizations were led by officers of the regiment, who ignored the surrender orders, or by enlisted men who escaped from Bataan.[27] However, those organizations did not have a direct connection to the regiment, as the Cagayan-Apayao Forces did.[citation needed]

The regiment was inactivated in 1946 and disbanded in 1951.[28]

Decorations

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Ribbon Award
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
 Presidential Unit Citation, 3 awards [29][30][31]
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
Conflict Streamer Year(s)
World War II
Philippine Islands 7 Dec 41 - 10 May 42
World War II
World War II Victory service between 7 December 1941 and 31 December 1946

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "26th Cavalry Regiment". Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
  2. ^ Steve Shaw (4 September 2008). "The Last U.S. Cavalry Charge". Parting Shot. Western Shooting Horse Magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  3. ^ Headquarters, Department of the Army; Major General J.C. Lambert (1961). Unit Citation and Campaign Credit Register (PDF). Department of the Army. p. 75. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  4. ^ Young, Donald J. (2009). The Battle of Bataan: A Complete History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 108. ISBN 978-0786441808. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  5. ^ Selby, John (2012). The US Cavalry. Osprey Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 9781780967721. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  6. ^ Morton, Louis (2006) [1953]. "VIII. THE MAIN LANDINGS". In Greenfield, Kert Roberts (ed.). The Fall of the Philippines. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History. p. 131. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  7. ^ Clay, Steven E. (2010). U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Cavalry, Field Artillery, and Coast Artillery, 1919-41. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. pp. 622, 627.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ a b Rottman, Gordan (2011). World War II US Cavalry Units: Pacific Theater. Elite Series. Osprey Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 9781780962146. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  9. ^ Gluekstein, Fred (July 2005). "The Last Mounted Cavalry Charge: Luzon 1942". Army. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
  10. ^ Clay, Steven E. (2010). U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Cavalry, Field Artillery, and Coast Artillery, 1919-41. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 627.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ^ a b c d e Gregory J. W., Urwin (1983). The United States Cavalry: An Illustrated History, 1776-1944. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780806134758. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  12. ^ Merriam, Ray (1999). War in the Philippines. Merriam Press. pp. 70–82. ISBN 1-57638-164-1. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
  13. ^ a b Morton, Louis (2006) [1953]. "VIII. THE MAIN LANDINGS". In Greenfield, Kert Roberts (ed.). The Fall of the Philippines. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History. p. 136. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  14. ^ Morton, Louis (2006) [1953]. "VIII. THE MAIN LANDINGS". In Greenfield, Kert Roberts (ed.). The Fall of the Philippines. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History. p. 138. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  15. ^ Fredriksen, John C. (2010). The United States Army: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 260. ISBN 9781598843446. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  16. ^ Elaine Woo (17 March 2013). "WWII cavalry officer in the Philippines". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013.
  17. ^ Phil Davison (3 April 2013). "Lieutenant-Colonel Edwin Ramsey: Soldier who led the last cavalry charge by the US army". The Independent. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
  18. ^ John Skow (23 November 1987). "In Kansas: Echoing Hoofbeats". Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
  19. ^ Zimmerman, Dwight Jon (16 September 2011). "Operation Enduring Freedom: The First 49 Days". Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  20. ^ a b "Guillermo Nakar" (PDF). National Historical Institute. Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  21. ^ a b "The Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon". BOOK REVIEW. Defense Journal. 2002. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  22. ^ a b "Bataan Diary: Research". Chris Schaefer. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  23. ^ Norling, Bernard (2005). The Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 43–62. ISBN 978-0-8131-9134-8. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  24. ^ Norling, Bernard (2005). The Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-8131-9134-8. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  25. ^ Guardia, Mike (2010). American Guerrilla: The Forgotten Heroics of Russell W. Volckmann: The Man Who Escaped from Bataan, Raised a Filipino Army Against the Japanese, and Became 'father' of Special Forces. Havertown, PA: Casemate Publishers. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-935149-22-4. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  26. ^ Falk, COL Stanley L. (2010). "Guerrilla Warfare in the Philippines" (PDF). Army. 60 (9). Association of the United States Army: 85–88. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  27. ^ "Last of cavalrymen a true hero". Old Gold & Black. Wake Forest University. 6 March 2003. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
  28. ^ "Records of the 26th Cavalry Regiment (Philippine Scouts): A Descriptive Inventory of Documents in the U.S. Cavalry Memorial Research Library" (PDF). U.S. Cavalry Memorial Research Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  29. ^ (North Luzon Force, United States Army Forces in the Far East. Cited; War Department General Order # 14, 1942).
  30. ^ (Army Troops, United States Army Forces in the Far East. Cited; War Department General Order #32, 1942.)
  31. ^ (Military and naval forces of the United States and Philippine Governments. Cited; War Department General Order #22, 1942, as amended by Department of the Army General Order #46, 1948).

References

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